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Sinai (or so called land of fayrouz), is a peninsula in Egypt, situated between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south, serving as a land bridge between Asia and Africa. It is the only part of Egyptian territory located in Asia. It has been a part of Egypt, from the First Dynasty of ancient Egypt. It has historically been the center of conflict between Egypt and various foreign empires.

Israel invaded and occupied Sinai, during the Suez Crisis, on June 5, 1967, when Israel carried out a preemptive attack on Egypt, Syria, and Jordan, starting the Six-Day War. As a result of the war, Israel captured the Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip from Egypt. Following the occupation of Sinai, Egypt refused to negotiate with Israel and began the War of Attrition that lasted from 1967 to 1970. When it ended with a ceasefire, Sinai was still controlled by Israel.

 

Egypt, finally, seized control over Sinai, during the Yom Kippur War (known in Egypt as October War) in 1973. In 1975, Israel and Egypt signed the Sinai Interim Agreement. In 1979, a peace treaty was signed in which Israel agreed to gradually withdraw from the Sinai Peninsula. The withdrawal consisted of several stages and involved dismantling Israeli settlements. The last Israeli soldiers left the peninsula in April 1982.

 

The anniversary of the final withdrawal is celebrated as “a national” holiday in Egypt, on 25 April every year, commemorating the final withdrawal of the Israeli Defense Forces from the Sinai Peninsula.

 

Egyptians are encouraged to celebrate this anniversary to remember the struggle of the war against Israel and the fighting that occurred over a 3-year period from 1967 to 1970 over the land of the Sinai Peninsula and the later fighting of the October War in 1973.